Agard, P., Omrani, J., Jolivet, L. and Mouthereau, F., 2005. Convergence history across Zagros (Iran): constraints from collisional and earlier deformation. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 94(3): 401–419.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-005-0481-4
Agard, P., Omrani, J., Jolivet, L., Whitechurch, H., Vrielynck, B., Spakman, W., Monié, P., Meyer, B. and Wortel, R., 2011. Zagros orogeny: a subduction-dominated process. Geological Magazine, 148(5-6): 692–725.
https://doi.org/10.1017/S001675681100046X
Aghazadeh, M., Hou, Z., Badrzadeh, Z. and Zhou, L., 2015. Temporal–spatial distribution and tectonic setting of porphyry copper deposits in Iran: Constraints from zircon U–Pb and molybdenite Re–Os geochronology. Ore Geology Reviews, 70: 385–406.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2015.03.003
Arjmandzadeh, R., Karimpour, M.H., Mazaheri, S.A., Santos, J.F., Medina, J.M. and Homam, S.M., 2011. Sr/Nd isotope geochemistry and petrogenesis of the Chah-Shaljami granitoids (Lut Block, Eastern Iran). Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 41(3): 283–296.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2011.02.014
Asadi, S., Moore, F. and Zarasvandi, A., 2014. Discriminating productive and barren porphyry copper deposits in the southeastern part of the central Iranian volcano-plutonic belt, Kerman region, Iran: a review. Earth- Science Reviews, 138: 25–46.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2014.08.001
Ayati, F., Yavuz, F., Asadi, H.H., Richards, J.P. and Jourdan, F., 2013. Petrology and geochemistry of calc-alkaline volcanic and subvolcanic rocks, Dalli porphyry copper–gold deposit, Markazi Province, Iran. International Geology Review, 55(2): 158–184.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00206814.2012.689640
Barbarin, B., 1999. A review of the relationships between granitoid types, their origins and their geodynamic environments. Lithos, 46(3): 605–622.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0024-4937(98)00085-1
Barker, F., 1979. Trondhjemites, dacites and related rocks. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 659 pp. Retrieved March 30, 2026 from
http://christian.nicollet.free.fr
Borabadi, R., Mazaheri, S.A., Karimpour, M.H., Meffre, S., Thompson, J., Murphy, R.C. and Entezariharsini, A., 2018. Zircon U-Pb geochronology, Hf isotopes and geochemistry of intrusive rocks in the Simorgh prospecting area, Lut Block, eastern Iran: petrogenesis and geological implications. Geosciences Journal, 22(5): 711–732. Retrieved March 30, 2026 from
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12303-017-0083-8
Boynton, W.V., 1984. Cosmochemistry of the Rare Earth Elements: Meteorite Studies. In: P. Henderson (Editor), Rare Earth Element Geochemistry. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 63–114.
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-42148-7.50008-3
Chappell, B.W., Bryant, C.J., Wyborn, D., White, J.R. and Williams, I.S., 1988. High- and low-tempreture I-type granites. Resource Geology, 48(4): 225–235.
https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1751-3928.1998.TB00020.X
Chappell, B.W. and White, A.J.R., 1974. Two contrasting granite types. Pacific Geology, 8: 173–174.
Chappell, B.W. and White, A.J.R. 1992. I- and S-Type Granites in the Lachlan Fold Belt. Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of The Royal Society of Edinburgh, 83(1–2): 1–26.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0263593300007720
Darbyshire, D.P.F. and Shepherd, T.J., 1994. Nd and Sr isotope constraints on the origin of the Cornubian batholith, SW England. Journal of Geological Society, 151(5): 795–802.
https://doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.151.5.0795
Defant, M.J. and Drummond, M.S., 1990. Derivation of some modern arc magmas by melting of young subducted lithosphere. Nature, 347(6294): 662–665.
https://doi.org/10.1038/347662a0
Esmaeily, D., Nedelec, A., Valizadeh, M.V., Moore, F. and Cotton, J., 2005. Petrology of the Jurassic Shah-kuh granite (eastern Iran), with reference to tin mineralization. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 25(6): 961–980.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2004.09.003
Golestani, M., Karimpour, M.H., Malekzadeh Shafaroudi, A. and Haidarian Shahri, M.R., 2018. Geochemistry, U-Pb geochronology and Sr-Nd isotopes of the Neogene igneous rocks, at the Iju porphyry copper deposit, NW Shahr-e-Babak, Iran. Ore Geology Reviews, 93: 290–307.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2018.01.001
Hajimirzajan, H., Malekzadeh Shafaroudi, A., Homam, S.M., Hidarian Shahri, M.R. and Santos, J.F., 2019. Geochronological and geochemical characteristics of the Dehzaman intrusive and volcanic rocks (NE Iran): Implication for a Cadomian magmatism. Periodico di Mineralogia, 93: 290–307.
https://doi.org/10.2451/2019PM812
Harris, N.B.W., Pearce, J.A. and Tendle, A.G. 1986. Geochemical Characteristics of Collision-Zone Magmatism. In: Coward, M.P. and Ries, A.C., Eds., Collision Tectonics, V. 19. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, pp. 67–81.
https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1986.019.01.04
Hu, P.C., Zhu, W.G., Zhong, H., Zhang, R.Q., Zhao, X.Y. and Mao, W., 2020. Late Cretaceous granitic magmatism and Sn mineralization in the giant Yinyan porphyry tin deposit, South China: constraints from zircon and cassiterite U–Pb and molybdenite Re–Os geochronology. Mineralium Deposita, 56: 743–765.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-020-00997-3
Ishihara, S., 1977. The Magnetite-series and Ilmenite-series Granitic Rocks. Mining Geology, 27(145): 293–305.
https://doi.org/10.11456/shigenchishitsu1951.27.293
Javidi Moghaddam, M. and Karimpour, M.H., 2023. Eocene non-mineralization to Miocene porphyry copper mineralization-related magmatism in the Urumieh–Dokhtar magmatic arc, Iran. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 255: 107338.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2023.107338
Jimenez-Munt, I., Fern`andez, M., Saura, E., Verg´es, J. and Garcia-Castellanos, D., 2012. 3-D lithospheric structure and regional/residual Bouguer anomalies in the Arabia–Eurasia collision (Iran). Geophysical Journal International, 190(3): 1311–1324.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2012.05580.x
Kamilli, R.J., Kimball, B.E. and Carlin, Jr., J.F., 2017. Tin. In: K.J. Schulz, J.H. DeYoung, R.R. Seal, and D.C. Bradley (Editors), Critical Mineral Resources of the United States: Economic and Environmental Geology and Prospects for Future Supply. Report 1802. U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia, 53 pp.
https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1802S
Karimpour, M.H., Malekzadeh Shafaroudi, A., Lang Farmer, G. and Stern, C.R., 2012. Petrogenesis of Granitoids, U-Pb zircon geochronology, Sr-Nd Petrogenesis of granitoids, U-Pb zircon geochronology, Sr-Nd isotopic characteristics, and important occurrence of Tertiary mineralization within the Lut block, eastern Iran. Journal of Economic Geology, 4(1): 1–27. (in Persian with English abstract)
https://doi.org/10.22067/econg.v4i1.13391
Karimpour, M.H., Malekzadeh Shafaroudi, A., Moradi Noghondar, M., Lang Farmer, G. and Stern, C.R., 2014. Geology, mineralization, Rb-Sr & Sm-Nd geochemistry, and U–Pb zircon geochronology of Kalateh Ahani Cretaceous intrusive rocks, southeast Gonabad. Journal of Economic Geology, 5(2): 267–290. (in Persian with English abstract)
https://doi.org/10.22067/ECONG.V5I2.31806
Karimpour, M.H., Rezaei, M., Zarasvandi, A. and Malekzadeh Shafaroudi, A., 2021a. Saveh-Nain-Jiroft Magmatic Belt (SNJMB) replaces Urumieh-Dokhtar Magmatic Belt (UMBD): Investigation of genetic relationship between porphyry copper deposits and adakitic and non-adakitic granitoids. Journal of Economic Geology, 13(3): 465–506. (in Persian with English abstract)
https://doi.org/10.22067/ECONG.V13I3.1034
Karimpour, M.H., Saadat, S. and Malekzadeh Shafaroudi, A., 2003. Exploration of Cu-Au Iron Oxide and Magnetite Ore Deposits in the VolcanicPlutonic Khaf-Kashmar-Bardsank Belt. 21th National Geosciences conference, Tehran, Iran. (in Persian)
Karimpour, M.H. and Sadeghi, M., 2019. A new hypothesis on parameters controlling the formation and size of porphyry copper deposits: Implications on thermal gradient of subducted oceanic slab, depth of dehydration and partial melting along the Kerman copper belt in Iran. Ore Geology Reviews, 104: 522–539.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2018.11.022
Karimpour, M.H., Shirdashtzadeh, N. and Sadeghi, M., 2021b. Granitoids of Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone that are concurrent with Cimmerian Orogeny (178-160 Ma) belong to ilmenite series (S-type): investigation of reason for lacking the porphyry tin mineralization. Journal of Economic Geololgy, 13(1): 1–28. (in Persian with English abstract)
https://doi.org/10.22067/ECONG.V13I1.1011
Karimpour, M.H., Shirdashtzadeh, N. and Sadeghi, M., 2022. Tectonomagmatic Settings of Jurassic Granitoids in the Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone, Iran; A Review. Geologos 28(1): 19–37.
http://doi.org/10.2478/logos-2022-0002
Karimpour, M.H., Stern, C.R. and Farmer, G.L., 2010a. Zircon U–Pb geochronology, Sr–Nd isotope analyses, and petrogenetic study of the Dehnow diorite and Kuhsangi granodiorite (Paleo-Tethys), NE Iran. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 37(4): 384–393.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2009.11.001
Karimpour, M.H., Stern, C.R. and Farmer, L., 2010b. Rb–Sr and Sm–Nd isotopic compositions, U-Pb Age and Petrogenesis of Khajeh Mourad Paleo-Tethys Leuco-granite, Mashhad, Iran. Scientific Quarterly Journal of Geosciences, 20(80): 171–182. (in Persian with English abstract)
https://doi.org/10.22071/gsj.2011.55249
Karimpour, M.H., Stern, C.R., Farmer, L., Saadat, S. and Malekzadeh Shafaroudi, A., 2011. Review of age, Rb-Sr geochemistry and petrogenesis of Jurassic to Quaternary igneous rocks in Lut Block, Eastern Iran. Geopersia, 1(1): 19–54.
https://doi.org/10.22059/JGEOPE.2011.22162
Karimpour, M.H., Stern, C.R., Malekzadeh Shafaroudi, A., Hidarian, M.R. and Mazaheri, A., 2009. Petrochemistry of the reduced, ilmenite-series granitoid intrusion related to the Hired Au-Sn prospect, Eastern Iran. Journal of Applied Sciences, 9(2): 226–236.
http://doi.org/10.3923/jas.2009.226.236
Kerrich, R., Goldfarb, R., Groves, D. and Garwin, S., 2000. The geodynamics of world-class gold deposits: characteristics, space-time distributions, and origins. In: S.G. Hagemann and P.E. Brown (Editors), Gold in 2000. V. 13, Reviews in Economic Geology, Society of Economic Geologists, Littleton, Co., pp. 501–551.
https://doi.org/10.5382/Rev.13.15
Kesler, S.E., Chryssoulis, S.L. and Simon, G., 2002. Gold in porphyry copper deposits: Its abundance and fate. Ore Geology Reviews, 21(1–2):103–124.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-1368(02)00084-7
Lameyre, J. and Bowden, P., 1982. Plutonic rock type series: discrimination of various granitoid series and related rocks. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 14(1–2): 169–186.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-0273(82)90047-6
Li, H., Palinkaš, L.A., Watanabe, K. and Xi, X.S., 2018. Petrogenesis of Jurassic A-type granites associated with Cu-Mo and W-Sn deposits in the central Nanling region, South China: Relation to mantle upwelling and intra- continental extension. Ore Geology Reviews, 92: 449–462.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2017.11.029
Liu, C.S., Ling, H.F., Xiong, X.L., Shen, W.Z., Wang, D.Z., Huang, X.L. and Wang, R.C., 1999. An F-rich, Sn-bearing Volcanic-intrusive complex in Yanbei, South China. Economic Geology, 94(3): 325–341.
https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.94.3.325
Mahdavi, A., Karimpour, M.H., Mao, J., Haidarian Shahri, M.R., Malekzadeh Shafaroudi, A. and Li, H., 2016. Zircon U-Pb geochronology, Hf isotopes and geochemistry of intrusive rocks in the Gazu copper deposit, Iran: Petrogenesis and geological implications. Ore Geology Reviews, 72(Part 1): 818–837.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2015.09.011
Malekzadeh Shafaroudi, A., Karimpour, M.H. and Mazaheri, S.A., 2010. Rb–Sr and Sm–Nd isotopic compositions and Petrogenesis of ore-related intrusive rocks of gold-rich porphyry copper Maherabad prospect area (north of Hanich), east of Iran. Iranian Journal of Crystallography and Mineralogy, 18(2): 15– 32. Retrieved March 30, 2026 from
https://ijcm.du.ac.ir/article_940.html?lang=en
Malekzadeh Shafaroudi, A., Karimpour, M.H. and Stern, C.R., 2015. The Khopik porphyry copper prospect, Lut Block, Eastern Iran: Geology, alteration and mineralization, fluid inclusion, and oxygen isotope studies. Ore Geology Reviews, 65(Part 2): 522–544.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2014.04.015
Maniar, P.D. and Piccoli, P.M., 1989. Tectonic Discrimination of Granitoids. GSA Bulletin, 101(5): 635–643.
https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1989)101<0635:TDOG>2.3.CO;2
McInnes, B.I.A., Evans, N.J., Belousova, E. and Griffin, W.L., 2003. Porphyry copper deposits of the Kerman belt, Iran: timing of mineralization and exhumation processes. CSIRO, Scientific Research Report, 41 pp.
Middlemost, E.A.K., 1994. Naming materials in the magma/igneous rock system. Earth-Science Reviews, 37(3–4): 215–224.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-8252(94)90029-9
Mineral commodity summaries, 2025. (ver. 1.2, March 2025): U.S. Geological Survey, 212 pp.,
https://doi.org/10.3133/mcs2025
Mirnejad, H., Mathur, R., Hassanzadeh, J., Shafie, B. and Nourali, S., 2013. Linking Cu mineralization to host porphyry emplacement: Re-Os ages of molybdenites versus U-Pb ages of zircons and sulfur isotope compositions of pyrite and chalcopyrite from the IJU and sarkuh porphyry deposits in southeast Iran. Economic Geology, 108(4): 861–870.
https://doi.org/10.2113/econgeo.108.4.861
Monazzami Bagherzadeh, R., Karimpour, M.H., Farmer, G.L., Stern, C.R., Santos, J.F., Rahimi, B. and Heidarian Shahri, M.R., 2015. U–Pb zircon geochronology, petrochemical and Sr–Nd isotopic characteristic of Late Neoproterozoic granitoid of the Bornaward Complex (Bardaskan-NE Iran). Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 111: 54–71.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2015.05.019
Moradi Noghondar, M., Karimpour, M.H., Farmer, G.L. and Stern, C.R., 2012a. Sr-Nd isotopic charecteristics, U-Pb zircon geochronology, and petrogenesis of Najmabad granodiorite batholith, eastern Iran. Journal of Economic Geology, 3(2): 127–145. (in Persian with English abstract)
https://doi.org/10.22067/ECONG.V3I2.11436
Moradi Noghondar, M., Karimpour, M.H., Malekzadeh Shafaroudi, A., Farmer, G.L. and Stern, C.R., 2012b. Geochemistry, zircon U-Pb geochronology and Rb-Sr & Sm-Nd isotopes of Najmabad monzonitic rocks south of Ghonabad. Petrology, 3(11): 77–96. (in Persian with English abstract) Retrieved March 30, 2026 from
https://ijp.ui.ac.ir/article_16108.html?lang=fa
Myint, A.Z., Zaw, K., Swe, Y.M., Yonezu, K., Cai, Y., Manaka, T. and Watanabe, K., 2017. Geochemistry and geochronology of granites hosting the Mawchi Sn–W deposit, Myanmar: implications for tectonic setting and emplacement. Geological Society, London, Memoirs, 48: 385–400.
https://doi.org/10.1144/M48.17
Najafi, A., Karimpour, M.H., Ghaderi, M., Stern, C.R. and Farmer, J.L., 2014. Zircon U–Pb geochronology, isotope geochemistry of Rb–Sr and Sm–Nd and petrogenesis of granitoid intrusive rocks in Kajeh exploration area, northwest of Ferdows: evidence for Late Cretaceous magmatism in the Lut block. Journal of Economic Geology, 6(1): 107–135. (in Persian with English abstract)
https://doi.org/10.22067/ECONG.V6I1.24415
Omrani, J., Agard, P., Whitechurch, H., Benoit, M., Prouteau, G. and Jolivet, L., 2008. Arc magmatism and subduction history beneath the Zagros Mountains, Iran: a new report of adakites and geodynamic consequences. Lithos, 106(3–4): 380–398.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2008.09.008
Pearce, J.A., 1983. Role of the sub-continental lithosphere in magma genesis at active continental margins. In: C.J. Hawkesworth and M.J. Norry (Editors), Continental Basalts and Mantle Xenoliths. Shiva Publications, Nantwich, Cheshire, pp. 230–249. Retrieved March 30, 2026 from
http://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/8626
Pearce, J.A., Harris, N.B. and Tindle, A.G., 1984. Trace element discrimination diagrams for the tectonic interpretation of granitic rocks. Journal of Petrology, 25(4): 956–983.
https://doi.org/10.1093/petrology/25.4.956
Richards, J.P., 2002. Discussion on “Giant versus small porphyry copper deposits of Cenozoic age in northern Chile: adakitic versus normal calc-alkaline magmatism” by Oyarzun et al. (Mineralium Deposita 36: 794–798, 2001). Mineral. Deposita, 37(8): 788–790.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-002-0284-5
Richards, J.P., 2009. Postsubduction porphyry Cu–Au and epithermal Au deposits: products of remelting of subduction-modified lithosphere. Geology, 37(3): 247–250.
https://doi.org/10.1130/G25451A.1
Richards, J.P., 2015. Tectonic, magmatic, and metallogenic evolution of the Tethyan orogen: From subduction to collision. Ore Geology Reviews, 70: 323–345.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2014.11.009
Richards, J.P., Spell, T., Rameh, E., Razique, A. and Fletcher, T., 2012. High Sr/Y magmas reflect arc maturity, high magmatic water content, and porphyry Cu±Mo±Au potential: examples from the Tethyan arcs of Central and Eastern Iran and
Western Pakistan. Economic Geology, 107(2): 295–332.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/econgeo.107.2.295
Saleh, R., 2006. Reprocessing of aeromagnetic map of Iran. M.Sc. Thesis, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences, Zanjan, Iran. 156 pp.
Sarjoughian, F. and Kananian, A., 2017. Zircon U-Pb geochronology and emplacement history of intrusive rocks in the Ardestan section, central Iran. Geologica Acta, 15(1): 25–36.
https://doi.org/10.1344/GeologicaActa2017.15.1.3
Shafiei, B., 2010. Lead isotope signatures of the igneous rocks and porphyry copper deposits from the Kerman Cenozoic magmatic arc (SE Iran), and their magmatic– metallogenetic implications. Ore Geology Reviews, 38(1–2): 27–36.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oregeorev.2010.05.004
Shafiei, B., Haschke, M. and Shahabpour, J., 2009. Recycling of orogenic arc crust triggers porphyry Cu mineralization in Kerman Cenozoic arc rocks, southeastern Iran. Mineralium Deposita, 44(3): 265–283.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-008-0216-0
Shand, S.J., 1947. Eruptive Rocks: Their Genesis, Composition, Classification, and Their Relation to Ore-deposits, with a Chapter on Meteorites. Murby, London, 488 pp. Retrieved March 30, 2026 from
https://books.google.com/books/about/Eruptive_Rocks.html?id=LVA1AAAAMAAJ
Sillitoe, R.H., 2010. Porphyry copper systems. Economic Geology, 105(1): 3–41.
https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.105.1.3
Simons, B., Shail, R.K. and Andersen, J.C.Ø., 2016. The petrogenesis of the Early Permian Variscan granites of the Cornubian Batholith: Lower plate post-collisional peraluminous magmatism in the Rhenohercynian Zone of SW England. Lithos, 260: 76–94.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2016.05.010
Tarkian, M., Lotfi, M. and Baumann, A., 1984. Magmatic copper and lead-zinc ore deposits in the Central Lut, East Iran. Neues Jahrbuch Fur Geologie Und Palaontologie-abhandlungen, 168(2–3): 497–523.
https://doi.org/10.1127/njgpa/168/1984/497
Zarasvandi, A., Liaghat, S. and Zentilli, M., 2005. Geology of the Darreh-Zerreshk and Ali-Abad Porphyry Copper Deposits, Central Iran. International Geology Review, 47(6): 620–646.
https://doi.org/10.2747/0020-6814.47.6.620
Zhang, H., Chen, J., Yang, T., Hou, Z. and Aghazadeh, M., 2018. Jurassic granitoids in the northwestern Sanandaj–Sirjan zone: Evolving magmatism in response to the development of a neo-Tethyan slab window. Gondwana Research, 62: 269–286.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2018.01.012
Zhang, C.C., Sun, W.D., Wang, J.T., Zhang, L.P., Sun, S.J. and Wu, K., 2017a. Oxygen fugacity and porphyry mineralization: A zircon perspective of Dexing porphyry Cu deposit, China. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 206: 343–363.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2017.03.013
Zhang, L., Zhang, R., Hu, Y., Liang, J., Ouyang, Z., He, J., Chen, Y., Guo, J. and Sun, W., 2017b. The formation of the Late Cretaceous Xishan Sn–W deposit, South China: Geochronological and geochemical perspectives. Lithos, 290– 291: 253–268.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2017.08.013
Zheng, W., Mao, J., Zhao, C., Ouyang, H. and Wang, X.-Y., 2016. Re–Os Geochronology of Molybdenite from Yinyan Porphyry Sn Deposit in South China. Resource Geology, 66(1): 63–70.
https://doi.org/10.1111/rge.12087
Zhengshu, Z., Jinchu, Z. and Keqin, X., 1989. Geology, geochemistry and genesis of Yinyan porphyry tin deposit. Chinese Journal of Geochemistry, 8: 374–384.
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02837841
