تعیین نوع ذخایر مس با سنگ میزبان آتشفشانی در ناحیه معدنی کوه‌جارو (جنوب اشتهارد) بر اساس شواهد زمین شناسی، کانه زایی و میان‌ بارهای سیال

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، گروه زمین‌ شناسی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران

2 کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکده علوم زمین، دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران

3 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه زمین‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران

چکیده

ناحیه معدنی کوه­جارو (ذخیره احتمالی 2 میلیون تن و عیار متوسط 3 درصد مس) با راستای شرقی- غربی در دنباله آتشفشانی مردآباد- بویین ­زهرا با سن ائوسن بالایی- الیگوسن، قرار دارد. سنگ ­های آتشفشانی ائوسن بالایی با جنس ریوداسیت، تراکی ­آندزیت، آندزیت و توف تراکیتی، مهم‌ترین میزبان‌های ماده معدنی هستند. کانه‌زایی در سه مرحله شامل: 1) پیش از کانه ­زایی با حضور پیریت ­های دانه­ ریز افشان، 2) کانه ­زایی گرمابی اصلی شامل گامه ­های کانه ­زایی رگه‌ای کوارتز- کالکوپیریت± بورنیت (گامه I)، کانه‌زایی برشی بورنیت- کالکوسیت (گامه II) و کانه ­زایی افشان گالن و اسفالریت (گامه III) و 3) رگه ­های باریت و کلسیت تأخیری رخ‌داده است. طبق شواهد پتروگرافی، میان‌بارهای سیال­ در کانسارهای مس کوه جارو شامل دوفازی غنی از مایع (LV)، دوفازی غنی از گاز (VL)، دارای فاز جامد هالیت (LVS) و تک­ فازی‌های مایع (L) و گاز (V)، هستند. تغییرات دمای همگن‌شدن در این میان‌بارها بین 200 تا 350 درجه سانتی­ گراد و محتوای شوری بین 2 تا 37 درصد وزنی معادل ­نمک طعام، به‌ دست آمده است. میان‌بارهای سیال والد با چگالی بیش از 1 گرم بر سانتی‌متر مکعب و عمق تقریبی 400 متر تشکیل شدند که پس از آن، میان‌بارهایی با چگالی کمتر از 1 گرم بر سانتی‌متر مکعب و عمق کمتر از 300 متر در اثر کاهش فشار ناشی از گسلش و ورود آب­ های جوی کم دما، باعث وقوع فرایند اختلاط سیال و رخداد کانسنگ مس در سنگ ­های آتشفشانی منطقه شده ­اند. در مجموع کانسارهای مس کوه­ جارو قابل مقایسه با ذخایر مس نوع مانتو در شیلی یا مس طبقات سرخ آتشفشانی در شمال امریکا هستند.

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