Bau, M. and Koschinsky, A., 2009. Oxidative scavenging of cerium on hydrous Fe oxide: Evidence from the distribution of rare earth elements and yttrium between Fe oxides and Mn oxides in hydrogenetic ferromanganese crusts. Geochemical Journal, 43(1): 37–47.
Bonatti, E., Kraemer, T. and Rydel, H., 1972. Classification and genesis of submarine iron-manganese deposits. In: D.R. Horn (Editor), Ferromanganese Deposits on the Ocean Floor. National Science Foundation, Washington DC, pp. 149–166.
Chen, D., Qing, H., Yan, X. and Li, H., 2006. Hydrothermal venting and basin evolution (Devonian, South China): constraints from rare earth element geochemistry of chert. Sedimentary Geology, 183(3–4): 203–216.
Choi, J.H. and Hariya, Y., 1992. Geochemistry and depositional environment of Mn oxide deposits in the Tokora Belt, northeastern Hokkaido, Japan. Economic Geology, 87(5): 1265–1274.
Crerar, D.A., Namson, J., Chyi, M.S., Williams, L. and Feigenson, M.D., 1982. Manganiferous cherts of the Franciscan assemblage: I. General geology, ancient and modern analogues, and implications for the hydrothermal convection at oceanic spreading centers. Economic Geology, 77(3): 519–540.
Douville, E., Bienvenu, P., Charlou, J.L., Donval, J.P., Fouquet, Y., Appriou, P. and Gamo, T., 1999. Yttrium and rare earth elements in fluids from deep-sea hydrothermal systems. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 63(5): 627–643.
Evensen, M.N., Hamilton, P. and O’Nions, R.K., 1978. Rare-earth abundances in chondritic meteorites. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 42(8): 1199–1212.
Hein, J.R., Gibbs, A.E., Clague, D. and Torresan, M., 1996. Hydrothermal mineralization along submarine rift zones, Hawaii. Marine Georesources & Geotechnology, 14(2): 177–203.
Hein, J.R., Koschinsky, A., Halbach, P., Manheim, F.T., Bau, M., Kang, J.K. and Lubick, N., 1997. Iron and manganese oxide mineralization in the Pacific. In: K. Nicholson, J.R. Hein, B. Buhn, and S. Dasgupta, (Editors), Manganese Mineralization: Geochemistry and Mineralogy of Terrestrial and Marine Deposits. Geological Society, Special Publication, London, pp. 123–138.
Hein, J.R., Schulz, M.S. and Kang, J.K., 1990. Insular and submarine ferromanganese mineralization of the Tonga-Lau region. Marine Mining, 9(3): 305–354.
Hein, J.R., Yeh, H.W., Gunn, S.H., Gibbs, A.E. and Wang, C.H., 1994. Composition and origin of hydrothermal iron stones from central Pacific seamounts. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 58(1): 179–189.
Heshmatbehzadi, K. and Shahabpour, J., 2010. Metallogeny of manganese and ferro manganese ores in Baft ophiolitic Melange, Kerman, Iran. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 4(2): 302–313.
Hewett, D.F. and Fleischer, M., 1960. Deposits of the manganese oxides. Economic Geology, 55(1): 1–55.
Hongo, Y. and Nozaki, Y., 2001. Rare earth element geochemistry of hydrothermal deposits and Calyptogena shell from the Iheya Ridge vent field, Okinawa Trough. Geochemical Journal, 35(5): 347–354.
Ingram, B.L., Hein, J.R. and Farmer, G.L., 1990. Age determinations and growth rates of Pacific ferromanganese deposits using strontium isotopes. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 54(6):1709–1721.
Jach, R. and Dudek, T., 2005. Origin of a Toarcian manganese carbonate: silicate deposit from the Krizna unit, Tatra Mountains, Poland. Chemical Geology, 224(1-3):136–152.
Jiancheng, X., Xiaoyong, Y., Jianguo, D. and Wei, X., 2006. Geochemical characteristics of sedimentary manganese deposit of Guichi, Anhui Province, China. Journal of Rare Earths, 24(3): 374–380.
Karakus, A., Yavuz, B. and Koc, S., 2010. Mineralogy and major-trace element geochemistry of the Haymana manganese mineralizations, Ankara, Turkey. Geochemistry International, 48(10): 1014–1027.
Kato, Y., Fujinaga, K., Nakamura, K., Takaya, Y., Kitamura, K., Ohta, J., Toda, R., Nakashima, T. and Iwamori, H., 2011. Deep-sea mud in the Pasific Ocean as a potential resource for rare-earth elements. Nature Geoscience, 4(8): 535–539.
Kato, Y., Yamaguchi, K.E. and Ohmoto, H., 2006. Rare earth elements in Precambrian banded iron formations: secular change of Ce and Eu anomalies and evolution of atmospheric oxygen. Geological Society of America Memoirs, Denver, pp. 269–289.
Klinkhammer, G.P., Heggie, D.T. and Graham, D.W., 1982. Metal diagenesis in oxic marine sediments. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 61(2): 211–219.
Kuhn, T., Bau, M., Blum, N. and Halbach, P., 1998. Origin of negative Ce anomalies in mixed hydrothermal-hydrogenetic Fe-Mn crusts from the Central Indian Ridge. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 163(1–4): 207–220.
Maanijou, M., Nasiri, A., Aliani, F., Mostaghimi, M., Gholipoor, M. and Maghsoodi, A., 2015. The study of major, trace and rare earth elements geochemistry in Shahrestanak Mn deposit, south of Qom: Implications for genesis. Journal of Economic Geology, 7(1):1-21. (in Persian with English abstract)
Maynard, J.B., 2010. The chemistry ofmanganese ores through time: a signal of increasing diversity of earth-surface environments. Economic Geology, 105(3): 535–552.
Mazhari, N., Malekzadeh Shafaroudi, A. and Ghaderi, M., 2015. Geology, mineralogy and geochemistry of Ferezneh ferromanganese anomaly, east of Sangan mines complex, NE Iran. Journal of Economic Geology, 7(1):23-37. (in Persian with English abstract)
Mehrpartou, M.R. and Padyar, M., 1984. Geological map of Taftan, scale 1:100,000. Geological Survey of Iran.
Mills, R.A., Wells, D.N. and Roberts, S., 2001. Genesis of ferromanganese crusts from the TAG hydrothermal field. Chemical Geology, 176(1–4): 283–293.
Mucke, A., Adjimah, K. and Annor, A., 1999. Mineralogy, petrography, geochemistry and genesis of the Paleoproterozoic Birimian manganese-formation of Nsuta/Ghana. Mineralium Deposita, 34(3): 297–311.
Murray, R.W., 1994. Chemical criteria to identify the depositional environment of chert: general principles and applications. Sedimentary Geology, 90(3–4): 213–232.
Nicholson, K., 1990. Stratiform manganese mineralization near Inverness, Scotland: a Devonian sub lacustrine hot-spring deposit? Mineralium Deposita, 25(2):126–131.
Nicholson, K., 1992a. Genetic types of manganese oxide deposits in scotland: Indicators of paleo- ocean-spreading rate and a Devonian geochemical mobility bondary. Economic Geology, 87(5): 1301–1309.
Nicholson, K., 1992b. Contrasting mineralogical-geochemical signatures of manganese oxides: Guides to metallogenesis. Economic Geology, 87(5):1253–1264.
Nicholson, K., Nayak, V.K. and Nanda, J.K., 1997. Manganese ores of the Ghoriajhor Monmunda area, Sundergarh District, Orissa, India: geochemical evidence for a mixed Mn source. In: K. Nicholson, J.R. Hein, B. Buhn and S. Dasgupta (Editors), Manganese mineralization: Geochemistry and Mineralogy of Terrestrial and Marine Deposits. Geological Society, Special Publication, London, pp. 117–121.
Oksuz, N., 2011. Geochemical characteristics of the Eymir (Sorgun-Yozgat) manganese deposits, Turkey. Journal of Rare Earths, 29 (3): 287–296.
Peters, T., 1988. Geochemistry of manganese-bearing cherts assoicated with Alpine ophiolites and the Hawasina formations in Oman. Marine Geology, 84(3–4): 229–238.
Polgari, M., Hein, J.R., Vigh, T., Szabo-Drubina, M., Forizs, I., Biro, L., Muller, A. and Toth, A.L., 2012. Microbial processes and the origin of the Urkut manganese deposit, Hungary. Ore Geology Reviews, 47: 87–109.
Roy, S., 1992. Environment and processes of manganese deposition. Economic Geology, 87(5): 1218–1236.
Roy, S., 1997. Genetic diversity of manganese deposition in the terrestrial geological record. In: K. Nicholson, J.R. Hein, B. Buhn, and S. Dasgupta, (Editors), Manganese Mineralization: Geochemistry and Mineralogy of Terrestrial and Marine Deposits. Geological Society, Special Publication, London, pp. 5-27.
Ruhlin, D.E. and Owen, R.M., 1986. The rare earth element geochemistry of hydrothermal sediments from the East Pacific Rise: examination of a seawater scavenging mechanism. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 50(3): 393–400.
Sabatino, N., Neri, R., Bellanca, A., Jenkyns, H.C., Masetti, D. and Scopelliti, G., 2011. Petrography and high-resolution geochemical records of Lower Jurassic manganese rich deposits from Monte Mangart, Julian Alps. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 299(1–2): 97–109.
Sasmaz, A., Turkyilmaz, B., Ozturk, N., Yavuz, F. and Kumral, M., 2013. Geology and geochemistry of Middle Eocene Maden complex ferromanganese deposits from the Elazıg–Malatya region, eastern Turkey. Ore Geology Reviews, 56: 352–372.
Shah, M.T. and Khan, A., 1999. Geochemistry and origin of Mn deposits in the Waziristan ophiolite complex, north Waziristan, Pakistan. Mineralium Deposita, 34(7): 697–704.
Shah, M.T. and Moon, C.J., 2004. Mineralogy, geochemistry and genesis of the ferromanganese ores from the Hazara area, NW Himalayas, northern Pakistan. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 23(1):1–15.
Shah, M.T. and Moon, C.J., 2007. Manganese and ferromanganese ores from different tectonic settings in the NW Himalayas, Pakistan. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 29(2–3): 455–465.
Stackelberg, V., 1997. Growth history of manganese nodules and crusts of the Peru Basin. In: K. Nicholson, J.R. Hein, B. Buhn, and S. Dasgupta (Editors), Manganese Mineralization: Geochemistry and Mineralogy of Terrestrial and Marine Deposits. Geological Society, Special Publication, London, pp. 153–176.
Sugisaki, R., 1984. Relation between chemical composition and sedimentation rate of Pacific Ocean floor sediments deposited since the middle Cretaceous: basic evidence for chemical constraints on depsitional environments of ancient sediments. The Journal of Geology, 92(3): 235–259.
Sun, S.S. and McDonough, W.F., 1989. Chemical andisotopic systematics of oceanic basalts: implications for mantle compositions and processes. In: A.D. Saunders and M.J. Norry (Editors), Magmatism in the Ocean Basins. Geological Society, Special Publication, London, pp. 313–345.
Takahashi, Y., Manceau, A., Geoffroy, N., Marcus, M.A. and Usui, A., 2007. Chemical and structural control of the partitioning of Co, Ce and Pb in marine ferromanganese oxides. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 71(4): 984–1008.
Toth, J.R., 1980. Deposition of submarine crusts rich in manganese and iron. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 91(1): 44–54.
Usui, A. and Mita, N., 1995. Geochemistry and mineralogy of a modern buserite deposit from a hot spring in Hokkaido, Japan. Clays and Clay Minerals, 43(1): 116–127.
Usui, A. and Someya, M., 1997. Distribution and composition of marine hydrogenetic and hydrothermal manganese deposits in the Northwest Pasific. In: K. Nicholson, J.R. Hein, B. Buhn, and S. Dasgupta (Editors), Manganese Mineralization: Geochemistry and Mineralogy of Terrestrial and Marine Deposits. Geological Society, Special Publication, London, pp. 177–198.
Whitney, D.L. and Evans, B.W., 2010. Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 95(1): 185–187.
Xu Bao, S., Yang Zhou, H., Tong Peng, X., WuJi, F. and Qiang Yao, H., 2008. Geochemistry of REE and yttrium in hydrothermal fluids from the Endeavour segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge. Geochemical Journal, 42(4): 359–370.
Yarahmadzahi, H., Vachard, D. and Dibadin, B., 2016. Smaller foraminifers from the Lower Permian Emarat Formation, East of Firuzkuh (Central Alborz, Iran). Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia, 122(3): 103–118
Zarasvandi, A., Lentz, D., Rezaei, M. and Pourkaseb, H., 2013. Genesis of the Nasirabad manganese occurrence, Fars province, Iran: Geochemical evidences. Chemie der Erde- Geochemistry, 73(4): 495–508.
)
ارسال نظر در مورد این مقاله