کانه زایی، ساخت، بافت و خاستگاه کانسار سرب-‌روی و مس با میزبان رسوبی چهرآباد، شمال باختر زنجان

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

دانشگاه زنجان

چکیده

کانسار چهرآباد در پهنه­ ایران مرکزی و در فاصله­ 75 کیلومتری شمال ­باختر زنجان قرار‌ دارد. سنگ میزبان کانه­ زایی در این کانسار، واحدهای ماسه­ سنگی خاکستری‌رنگ دارای مواد آلی متعلق به سازند قرمز بالایی است. کانه ­زایی سرب-‌روی و مس در کانسار چهرآباد در دو افق ماسه­ سنگی مجزا به­ صورت لامینه­ ای و عدسی­ شکل هم ­روند با لایه ­بندی سنگ میزبان رخ‌داده و دارای بافت­ های دانه­ پراکنده، سیمان بین­ دانه ­ای، عدسی، شبه لامینه­ ای، جانشینی، رگچه­ ای و فرامبوئیدال است. در هر‌یک از افق­ های کانه ­دار، سه پهنه قرمز اکسیدان، شسته ­شده و احیایی کانه ­دار تشکیل‌شده است. گالن، اسفالریت، کالکوسیت، پیریت و کالکوپیریت، کانی­ شناسی اصلی ماده­ معدنی را در کانسار چهرآباد تشکیل می­ دهند که با اندکی کانی­ های نقره­ دار (مکینسترایت و استرامیرایت) همراهی می­ شوند. سروزیت، مالاکیت، آزوریت، کوولیت، آتاکامیت، وانادینیت و گوتیت طی فرایندهای برون­ زاد تشکیل شده ­اند. با توجه به ویژگی ­هایی مانند محیط زمین‌ساختی، سنگ­ شناسی، چینه­ شناسی، کانی ­شناسی، ساخت و بافت و عوامل کنترل­ کننده کانه­ زایی (وجود آثار و بقایای گیاهی، وجود گنبدهای نمکی، تخلخل و نفوذپذیری مناسب سنگ ­میزبان، گسل­ ها و شکستگی­ ها)، کانسار چهرآباد در دسته­ کانسارهای مس رسوبی نوع Redbed قرار‌گرفته و از این نظر قابل‌مقایسه با دیگر کانسارهای مس رسوبی نوع Redbed در منطقه ماه­ نشان مانند چرلانقوش، اورتاسو، حلب و حمزه ­لو است. این کانسارها، ارتباط فضایی نزدیکی با واحدهای تبخیری و گنبدهای نمکی موجود در سازند قرمز بالایی دارند که باید در بررسی‌های اکتشافی مورد‌توجه قرار‌گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


Adkins, A.R., 1993. Geology of the Montanore stratabound Cu-Ag deposit, Lincoln and Sanders Counties, Montana. Belt Symposium III, Program and Abstracts, Whitefish, Montana, USA.
Aghanabati, A., 2004. Geology of Iran. Geological Survey of Iran, Tehran, 606 pp. (in Persian)
Alavi, M. and Omidi, M., 1976. Geological map of Takab, scale 1:250,000. Geological Survey of Iran.
Alderton, D.H.M., Pearce, J.A. and Potts, P.J., 1980. Rare earth element mobility during granite alteration: evidence from south-east England. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 49(1): 149–165.
Annels, A.E., 1989. Ore genesis in the Zambian Copper belt, with particular reference to the northern sector of the Chambishi basin. In: R.W. Boyle, A.C. Brown, C.W. Jefferson, E.C. Jowett and R.V. Kirkham (Editors), Sediment-hosted Stratiform Copper Deposits. Geological Association of Canada, Special Paper 36, Canada, pp. 427–452.
Avila-Santos, W., 1990. Origin of the copper at Corocoro, Bolivia. In: L. Fontbote, G.C. Amstitz, M. Cardozo, E. Cedillo and J. Frutos (Editors), Stratabound Ore Deposits of the Andes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 659–670.
Azaraien, H., Shahabpour, J. and Aminzadeh, B., 2017. Metallogenesis of the sediment-hosted stratiform Cu deposits of the Ravar Copper Belt (RCB), Central Iran. Ore Geology Reviews, 81(1): 369–395.
Azizi, H., Hosseinzadeh, M.R., Moayyed, M. and Siahcheshm, K., 2018. Geology and geochemistry of the sediment-hosted stratabound red bed-type Cu-Pb (Zn-Ag) mineralization in the Dozkand-Moshampa area, NW Zanjan, Iran. Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie-Abhandlungen (Journal of Mineralogy and Geochemistry), 195(2): 123–143.
Ballato, P., Cifelli, F., Heidarzadeh, G., Ghassemi, M.R., Wickert, A., Hassanzadeh, J., Dupont-Nivet, G., Balling, P., Sudo, M., Zeilinger, G., Schmitt, A., Mattei, M. and Strecker, M., 2016. Tectono-sedimentary evolution of the northern Iranian Plateau: insights from middle–late Miocene foreland basin deposits. Basin Research, 29(12):417–446.
Brown, A.C., 1984. Alternative sources of metals for stratiform copper deposits. Precambrian Research, 25(1–3): 61–74.
Brown, A.C., 1997. World-class sediment-hosted stratiform copper deposits: characteristics, genetic concepts and metallotects. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 44(3):317–328.
Brown, A.C., 2003. Redbeds: Source of metals for sediment-hosted stratiform copper, sandstone copper, sandstone lead, sandstone uranium vanadium deposits. In: D.R. Lentz (Editor), Geochemistry of sediments and sedimentary rocks: evolutionary considerations to mineral deposit forming environments. Geological Association of Canada, GeoText, Canada, pp. 121–133.
Chan, M.A., Bowen, B.B., Parry, W.T., Ormö, J. and Komatsu, G., 2005. Red rock and red planet diagenesis: Comparisons of Earth and Mars concretions. GSA Today, 15(8): 4–10.
Cox, D.P., Lindsey, D.A, Singer, D.A. and Diggles, M.F., 2007. Sediment-hosted copper deposits of the world-deposit models and database. U.S. Geological Survey, Canada, Open-file report 03-107, 50 pp.
Cox, D.P., Lindsey, D.A., Singer, D.A., Moring, B.C. and Diggles, M.F., 2003. Sediment-hosted copper deposits of the world-deposit models and database. U.S. Geological Survey, Canada, open-file report 03-107, 53 pp.
Daliran, F., Pride, K., Walther, W., Berner, Z.A. and Bakker, R.J., 2013. The Angouran Zn (Pb) deposit, NW Iran: evidence for a two stage, hypogene zinc sulfide–zinc carbonate mineralization. Ore Geology Reviews, 53: 373–402.
Dokuz, A., Tanyolu, E. and Genc, S., 2005. A mantle and a lower crust derived bimodal suite in the Yusufeli Artvin area, NE Turkey: Trace element and REE evidence for subduction-related rift origin of Early Jurasic Demirkent intrusive complex. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 95(3): 370–394.
Durieux, C.G. and Brown, A.C., 2007. Geological context, mineralization, and timing of the Juramento sediment-hosted stratiform copper-silver deposit, Salta district, northwestern Argentina. Mineralium Deposita, 42(8): 879–899.
Ebrahimi, M., Kouhestani, H. and Shahidi, E., 2015. Investigation of type and origin of iron in the Mesgar occurrence, south of Zanjan, using by petrology, mineralogy and geochemistry data. Journal of Economic Geology, 7(1): 111–127. (in Persian with English abstract)
Enayati Kolaie, S., Yazdi, M. and Mokhtari, M.A.A., 2016. Geology, mineralogy and genesis of stratiform Cu mineralization in the Tazeh-Kand area, Northeast of Tabriz. Scientific Quarterly Journal, GEOSCIENCES, 25(99): 195–208. (in Persian with English abstract)
Flint, S.S., 1989. Sediment-hosted stratabound copper deposits of the Central Andes. In: R.W. Boyle, A.C. Brown, C.W. Jefferson, E.C. Jowett and R.V. Kirkham (Editors), Sediment-hosted stratiform copper deposits. Geological Association of Canada, Special Paper 36, Canada, pp. 371–400.
Folk, R.L., 1980. Petrology of sedimentary Rocks. Austin, Texas, Hemphill, 159 pp.
Gablina, I.F., 1981. New data on formation conditions of the Dzhezkazgan copper deposit. International Geology Review, 23(11): 1303–1311.
Garlick, W.S., 1989. Mineralization controls and source of metal in the Lufillian fold belt, Shaba (Zaire), Zambia and Angola: A discussion. Economic Geology, 84(4): 966–968.
Ghasemlou, A., Kouhestani, H., Mokhtari, M.A.A. and Zohdi, A., 2016. Geological characteristic and mineralization of Hamzelou copper ore deposit, Northwest of Zanjan. 35th Symposium of Geosciences, Geological Survey of Iran, Tehran, Iran. (in Persian with English abstract)
Ghasemlou, A., Kouhestani, H., Mokhtari, M.A.A. and Zohdi, A., 2017. Stratigraphy and petrographical composition of the Upper Red Formation sandstone in Hamzelou Cu deposit, Northwest of Zanjan. 3th Congress Sedimentology of Iran, Tehran, Iran. (in Persian with English abstract)
Guilbert, J. and Park, Ch., 1997. The Geology of Ore deposits, W.H. Freeman and Company Publication, New York, 985 pp.
Haghighi, A., Nabatian, Gh., Kouhestani, H., Azimzadeh, A.M. and Zohdi, A., 2016. Geochemistry of the main oxides hosted Ortasu Pb-Zn deposite, northwest Zanjan. 8th Congress of Economic Geology of Iran, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran. (in Persian with English abstract)
Haghighi, A., Nabatian, Gh., Kouhestani, H., Azimzadeh, A.M. and Zohdi, A., 2019. Mineralization, mineralogy, structure, texture and genesis of Ortasu Pb-Zn deposit, NW Zanjan. Journal of Economic Geology, 11(3): 359–386. (in Persian with English abstract)
Hayes, T.S., Cox, D.P., Piatak, N.M. and Seal, R.R., 2015. Sediment-hosted stratabound copper deposit model. U.S. Geological Survey, Virginia, 147 pp.
Hitzman, M., Kirkham, R., Broughton, D., Thorson, J. and Selley, D., 2005. The sediment-hosted stratiform copper ore system. In: J.W. Hedenquist, J.F.M. Thompson, R.J. Goldfarb and J.P. Richards (Editors), One Hundered Anniversary volume. Economic Geology, Littleton, pp. 609–612.
Hitzman, M.W., Selley, D. and Bull, S., 2010. Forma‌tion of sedimentary rock-hosted stratiform copper deposits through earth history. Economic Geology, 105(3): 627–639.
Jamalipour, S., 2015. Mineralogy and geochemistary of host rock and Pb ore in the Chaerlanghoosh deposit. M.Sc. Thesis, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran, 125 pp. (in Persian with extended English abstract)
Jowett, E.C., 1989. Effects of continental rifting on location and genesis of stratiform copper–silver deposits. In: R.W. Boyle, A.C. Brown, C.W. Jefferson, E.C. Jowett and R.V. Kirkham (Editors), Sediment-hosted stratiform copper deposits. Geological Association of Canada, Special Paper 36, Canada, pp. 53–66.
Jowett, E.C., Rydzewski, A. and Jowett, R.J., 1987. The Kupferschiefer Cu-Ag ore deposits in Poland: A reappraisal of the evidence of their origin and presentation of a new genetic model. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 24(10): 2016–2037.
Karami, M., Ebrahmi, M. and Kouhestani, H., 2016. Loulak-Abad occurrence, NW Zanjan: metamotphosed and deformed type of volcano-sedimentary deposit in the Central Iranian Zone. Journal of Economic Geology, 8(1): 93-115. (in Persian with English abstract)
Karimi, M., 2012. Final Exploration Report of Cu-Pb in Chehrabad area. Industry, Mine and Trade Organization of Zanjan, Zanjan, 178 pp. (in Persian)
Khodabandeh, A.A., Faridi, M. and Amini Azar, R., 1998. Geologic map of Miyaneh, scale 1:100,000. Geological Survey of Iran, Iran.
Kirkham, R.V., 1989. Distribution, setting and genesis of sediment-hosted stratiform copper deposits. In: R.W. Boyle, A.C. Brown, C.W. Jefferson, E.C. Jowett and R.V. Kirkham (Editors), Sediment-hosted stratiform copper deposits. Geological Association of Canada, Special Paper 36, Canada, pp. 3–38.
Kirkham, R.V., 1996. Sediment-hosted copper. In: O.R. Eckstrand, W.D. Sinclair and R.I. Thorpe (Editors), Geology of Canadian Mineral Deposit Types. Geological Association of Canada, Canada, pp. 223–240.
Lotfi, M., 2001. Geologic map of Mahneshan, scale 1:100,000. Geological Survey of Iran, Iran.
Love, L.G. and Brockley, H., 1973. Peripheral radial texture in framboids of poly-framboidal pyrite. Fortschritte der Mcneralogie, 50(3): 264–269.
MacIntyre, T.J., 2005. Fault-controlled hydrocarbon-related bleaching and sediment-hosted copper mineralization of the Jurassic Wingate sandstone at the Cashin Mine, Montrose County, Colorado. Unpublished M.Sc. Thesis, Colorado School of Mines, Colorado, United State, 360 pp.
MacIntyre, T.J., Thorson, J.P. and Hitzman, M.W., 2004. Setting the stage for sediment-hosted copper: Fault-related hydrocarbon bleaching and copper ore at the Cashin mine, Montrose County, Colorado. 36th Denver Annual Meeting, Geological Society of America, Denver, USA.
Mahdavi, A., Rastad, A. and Hosseini Barzy, M., 2011. Mineralogy, structure and texture and genesis of sedimentary diagenetic Cu Markeshe, Redbed type, in the Garedu Red Formation, Jurassic, south of Central Iran. Scientific Quarterly Journal, GEOSCIENCES, 21(81): 81–92. (in Persian with English abstract)
Maleki Kahangi, M., 2016. Mineralogy, geochemistry and mineralization of sedimentary copper deposit in Halab area, Zanjan. Unpublished M.Sc. Thesis, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran, 156 pp. (in Persian with English abstract)
Nabatian, Gh., Ghaderi, M., Rashid-Nejad Omran, N. and Daliran, F., 2010. Geochemistry and origin of Sorkheh-Dizaj iron oxide- apatite deposit, SE Zanjan. Journal of Economic Geology, 1(1): 19-46. (in Persian with English abstract).
Oszczepalski, S., 1999. Origin of the Kupferschiefer polymetallic mineralization in Poland. Mineralium Deposita, 34(5-6): 599–613.
Parry, W.T., Chan, M.A. and Beitler, B., 2004. Chemical bleaching indicates fluid flow in sandstone deformation bands. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 88(2): 175–191.
Rahimi, R., 2016. Mineralogy and formation of copper in Ghezeljeh region. Unpublished M.Sc. Thesis, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran, 196 pp. (in Persian English abstract)
Rajabpour, S., Abedini, A., Alipour, S., Lehmann, B., Jiang, S.Y., 2017. Geology and geochemistry of the sediment-hosted Cheshmeh-Konan Redbed-type copper deposit, NW Iran. Ore Geology Reviews, 86: 154–171.
Rajabzadeh, A., 2018. Geology, geochemistry and genesis of sediment-hosted Chehrabad Pb-Zn mineralization (NE Mahneshan). Unpublished M.Sc. Thesis, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran. 162 pp. (in Persian with English abstract)
Rajabzadeh, A., Kouhestani, H., Mokhtari, M.A.A. and Zohdi, A., 2016. Mineralization, structure and textures and mineralography of Chehrabad Cu-Pb-Zn deposit, northwest of Zanjan. 35th Symposium of Geosciences, Geological Survey of Iran, Tehran, Iran. (in Persian with English abstract)
Rajabzadeh, A., Kouhestani, H., Mokhtari, M.A.A. and Zohdi, A., 2020. Petrography and geochemistry of major and trace elements of the Upper Red Formation at Chehrabad Pb-Zn deposit, northwest of Zanjan, implication for provenance and tectonic setting. Scientific Quarterly Journal, GEOSCIENCES. (in Persian with English abstract)
Rose, A.W., 1976. The effect of cuprous chloride complexes in the origin of red-bed copper and related deposits. Economic Geology, 71(6): 1036–1048.
Sadati, S.N., 2016. Mineralogy, geochemistry and genesis of Cu deposit in sedimentary rocks in the north of Tabriz, (East Azarbayjan province), NW Iran. Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran, 170 pp. (in Persian with English abstract)
Sadati, S.N., Yazdi, M., Mao, J., Behzadi, M., Adabi, M.H., Lingang, X., Zhenyu, C. and Moktari, M.A.A., 2016. Sulfide mineral chemistry investigation of sediment-hosted stratiform copper deposits, Nahand-Ivand area, NW Iran. Ore Geology Reviews, 72(1): 760–776.
Salehi, T., Ghaderi, M. and Rashid-Nejad Omran, N., 2011. Mineralogy and geochemistry of Rear Earth Elements in the Gomish-Tappeh Zn-Pb-Cu (Ag) deposit, SW Zanjan. Journal of Economic Geology, 2(2): 235-254. (in Persian with English abstract)
Sephri Rad, R. and Fathjo, D., 2010. Exploration report of sedimentary copper mineralization in south Zanjan. Geological Survey of Iran, Tehran, 150 pp. (in Persian)
Shakouri, N., Nabatian, Gh., Kouhestani, H. and Zohdi, A., 2016. Mineralization, structure and textures and mineralography of Sari Kand Pb-Zn deposit, Northwest of Zanjan. 35th Symposium of Geosciences, Geological Survey of Iran, Tehran, Iran. (in Persian with English abstract)
Subias, I., Fanlo, I. and Mateo, J., 2003. A model for the diagenetic formation of sandstone-hosted copper deposits in Tertiary sedimentary rocks, Aragon, NE Spain: S/C ratios and sulfur isotope systematic. Ore Geology Reviews, 23(1-2): 55–70.
Sun, S.S. and McDonough, W.F., 1989. Chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts: Implications for mantle composition and processes. In: A.D. Saunders and M.J. Norry (Editors), Magmatism in the Ocean Basins. Geological Society of London, Special Publication 42, London, pp. 313–345.
Taylor, S. and McLennan, S., 1985. The continental crust: Its composition and evolution. Blackwell, Oxford, 312 pp.
Thompson, R.N., 1982. Magmatism of the British Tertiary province. Scottish Journal of Geology, 18(1): 49–107.
Thorson, J.P., 2004. Paradox Basin sandstone-hosted copper deposits generated by two episodes of basinal fluid expulsion. 36th Denver Annual Meeting, Geological Society of America, Denver, USA.
Walker, T.R., 1989. Application of diagenetic alterations in red beds to the origin of copper in stratiform copper deposits. In: R.W. Boyle, A.C. Brown, W. Jefferson, E.C. Jowett and R.V. Kirkham (Editors), Sediment-hosted stratiform copper deposits. Geological Association of Canada, Special Paper 36, Canada, pp. 85‒96.
Wang, Q., Wyman, D.A., Xu, J.F, Zhao, Z.H., Jian, P., Xiong, X.L., Bao, Z.W., Li, C.F. and Bai, Z.H., 2006. Petrogenesis of Cretaceous adakitic and shoshonitic igneous rocks in the Luzong area, Anhui province (Eastern China): Implications for geodynamics and Cu-Au mineralization. Lithos, 89(3–4): 424–446.
Whitney, D.L. and Evans, B.W., 2010. Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals. American Mineralogist, 95(1): 185–187.
Woodward, K.H., Kaufman, W.H., Schumacher, O.L. and Talbott, L.W., 1974. Stratabound copper deposits in Triassic sandstone of Sierra Nacimiento, New Mexico. Economic Geology, 69(1): 108‒120.
CAPTCHA Image