کاربرد توزیع فلزات سنگین و نسبت‌ های ایزوتوپی Pb در تعیین منبع آلودگی خاک‌ های سطحی پارک‌ های مشهد

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

دانشگاه پیام نور

چکیده

ترکیب خاک‌های شهری مشهد نشان می­ دهد که میزان عناصر سنگین در آنها به نسبت خاک‌های غیرآلوده دور از مناطق شهری به‌شدت افزایش‌یافته است. مقادیر عناصر Cd، Cu، Pb، Sn و Zn در نمونه خاک پارک‌ها چندین برابر بیشتر از خاک‌های غیرشهری است. تجزیه و تحلیل آماری داده ­های ژئوشیمیایی نشان‌دهنده تأثیر فعالیت‌های انسان ­زاد بر روی تمرکز فلزات سنگین Pb، Cd، Sn و Zn است؛ درحالی‌که، علاوه‌بر فعالیت‌های انسانی، منابع طبیعی (خاک‌های مشتق‌شده از سنگ‌های اولترامافیک) نیز در توزیع عناصر Co، Cr و Co نقش داشته­ اند. ترکیب و نسبت ایزوتوپ‌های Pb در خاک‌های شهری مشهد نشان‌دهنده ماهیت نسبتاً غیر رادیوژنیک این خاک‌ها با نسبت‌های پایین 206Pb/204Pb (024/18- 284/17)، 207Pb/204Pb (525/15- 482/15)، 208Pb/204Pb (964/37- 405/37) و 206Pb/207Pb (116/1 و 161/1) است. ترکیب ایزوتوپ‌های سرب نشان می­ دهد که میانگین مشارکت منابع طبیعی و انسان­ زاد (مجموع منابع صنعتی و بنزین سرب­دار) در پارک‌های مشهد به‌ترتیب % 6/6 و % 4/93 است که بیانگر آلودگی قابل‌ملاحظه خاک در پارک‌های این شهر است. منبع اصلی آلودگی در نمونه­ های خاک با میزان سرب نسبتاً پایین (کمتر از mg kg-1 90)، فعالیت‌های صنعتی است؛ درحالی‌که با افزایش میزان سرب در خاک‌ها سهم بنزین سرب­ دار افزایش می­ یابد. نقشه توزیع فلزات سنگین در خاک‌های سطحی پارک‌های مشهد نیز این امر را تأیید می­ کند. در پارک‌های مناطق مرکزی مشهد که دارای تمرکز بالاتری از فلزات سنگین به‌خصوص سرب هستند، بنزین سرب­ دار سهم بالاتری در آلایش خاک‌ها ایفا می­ کند. ترافیک سنگین در این محدوده به‌عنوان عامل اصلی در تجمع فلزات سنگین و آلودگی خاک‌های سطحی عمل‌کرده است.

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